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This course provides a comprehensive study of human anatomy and physiology, focusing on the structure and function of the human body. Nursing students will explore the relationships between body systems, homeostasis, and disease processes. Emphasis is placed on applying anatomical and physiological concepts to nursing practice.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completing this course, students will be able to:
1. Describe the structure and function of the human body systems, including skeletal, muscular, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.
2. Explain the principles of homeostasis and its relevance to human health and disease.
3. Identify and describe the relationships between body systems and their impact on overall health.
4. Apply anatomical and physiological concepts to nursing practice, including assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation of patient care.
5. Analyze the effects of disease and injury on body systems and develop strategies for prevention and management.
Curriculum
- 14 Sections
- 277 Lessons
- 10 Weeks
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- Introduction to human anatomy and physiology13
- 1.1Anatomy and Physiology
- 1.2Branches of Anatomy and Physiology
- 1.3Relevance of Anatomy and Physiology to Nursing
- 1.4Organization of human body
- 1.5Body fluid and electrolyte
- 1.6Hormonal regulation of fluid and electrolyte
- 1.7Acid Base balance (Buffer system)
- 1.8Homeostasis
- 1.9Body Cavities
- 1.10Abdominopelvic Quadrants and regions
- 1.11Anatomical Position and Body planes Directional terms applied to human body
- 1.12Critical thinking questions
- 1.13References
- The cell and tissues17
- 2.1The cell and tissues
- 2.2Cell structure and functions
- 2.3Movement of substances across cell membrane (Plasma Membrane) Passive transport
- 2.4Active transport
- 2.5Nucleus
- 2.6Chromosome
- 2.7Sex determination
- 2.8Chromosomal abnormalities
- 2.9Gene mutation
- 2.10Cytoplasm
- 2.11Cell cycle or cell division cycle
- 2.12Tissue
- 2.13Epithelial tissue
- 2.14Connective tissue
- 2.15Membranes and glands
- 2.16Critical thinking questions
- 2.17References
- The human blood14
- The cardiovascular system19
- 4.1Introduction
- 4.2The human heart
- 4.3Conducting system of the heart
- 4.4Cardiac cycle
- 4.5Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)
- 4.6Heart sound
- 4.7Cardiac output
- 4.8Pulse
- 4.9Blood pressure
- 4.10Blood vessels
- 4.11Circulation of blood
- 4.12Pulmonary circulation
- 4.13Systemic circulation
- 4.14Coronary circulation
- 4.15Circulus Arteroisus
- 4.16Fetal circulation
- 4.17Physiological change in cardiovascular system during pregnancy
- 4.18Critical thinking questions
- 4.19References
- Lymphatic system18
- 5.1Lymphatic system
- 5.2Lymph
- 5.3Lymph vessels
- 5.4Lymph node
- 5.5Thymus gland
- 5.6Spleen
- 5.7Bone marrow
- 5.8Immune system: Body defense mechanism
- 5.9First line defense
- 5.10Second line defense
- 5.11Substance release during inflammation
- 5.12Inflammatory responses
- 5.13Adaptive immune system (third line of body defense)
- 5.14Types of antibodies
- 5.15Types of acquire immunity
- 5.16Physiological change in lymphoid and immune system during pregnancy
- 5.17Critical thinking questions
- 5.18References
- Musculoskeletal system45
- 6.1Skeletal System
- 6.2Function of bones
- 6.3Development of bone (Osteogenesis)
- 6.4Bone growth
- 6.5Bone cell and matrix
- 6.6Factors affecting bone growth and development
- 6.7Bone tissue
- 6.8Microscopic structure of compact bone (haversian system)
- 6.9Microscopic structure of spongy bone (trabuculae of spongy bone)
- 6.10Macroscopic bone structure (gross anatomy of bones)
- 6.11Process of bone healing
- 6.12Factor affecting bone healing
- 6.13Terminology use for bone features and components
- 6.14Types of bone
- 6.15Classification of bone
- 6.16Bone of the skull
- 6.17Facial bone
- 6.18Paranasal sinuses
- 6.19Sutures of the skull
- 6.20Vertebra bone column
- 6.21Bone of the thoracic cage
- 6.22The humerus bone
- 6.23Ulnar and radial bone
- 6.24The carpal, metacarpal and phalanges
- 6.25Pelvic girdle
- 6.26Differences between male and female pelvic
- 6.27Bone of the lower limbs
- 6.28Muscular system
- 6.29Types of muscles
- 6.30Microscopic structure of muscles
- 6.31Neurommuscular junctions
- 6.32Names of skeletal muscles
- 6.33Muscles of face and neck
- 6.34Masticatory muscles
- 6.35Muscles of the eye
- 6.36Muscles of the neck
- 6.37Muscles of shoulder and upper limbs
- 6.38Muscles of the back
- 6.39Muscles of the abdominal wall
- 6.40Muscles of the pelvis
- 6.41Muscles of lower limbs
- 6.42Anatomy and physiology of joint
- 6.43Physiological change in musculoskeletal system during pregnancy
- 6.44Critical thinking questions
- 6.45References
- Respiratory system18
- 7.1The respiratory system: Functions, Structural classification & Functional classification of respiratory system
- 7.2Nose and nasal cavity
- 7.3The pharynx
- 7.4The larynx
- 7.5The trachea
- 7.6Bronchial Tree
- 7.7Pulmonary alveoli
- 7.8The human lungs
- 7.9The pleura
- 7.10Physiology of respiration
- 7.11Physiological variables affecting breathing
- 7.12Lung volume and capacities
- 7.13Diffusion of gases
- 7.14Control of respiration
- 7.15Respiratory defense mechanism
- 7.16Physiological change in Respiratory system during pregnancy
- 7.17Critical thinking questions
- 7.18References
- Digestive system25
- 8.1Introduction
- 8.2Function of digestive system
- 8.3Gastrointestinal tract (GIT)
- 8.4Buccal cavity
- 8.5Tongue
- 8.6Salivary gland
- 8.7Teeth
- 8.8Oesophagus
- 8.9Process and stages of deglutition (swallowing)
- 8.10Stomach
- 8.11Types of secreting cell found in the stomach layers
- 8.12Gastric and phases of gastric juice
- 8.13Small intestine
- 8.14Large intestine
- 8.15Process of defecation
- 8.16Anatomy and physiology of liver
- 8.17Bile formation
- 8.18Bilirubin excretion
- 8.19Biliary tract
- 8.20The pancreas
- 8.21Gallbladder
- 8.22Metabolism
- 8.23Physiological change in Digestive system during pregnancy
- 8.24Critical thinking questions
- 8.25References
- Renal and urinary system13
- 9.1Introduction
- 9.2Functions of urinary system
- 9.3The kidney
- 9.4The nephron
- 9.5Urine formation
- 9.6Composition of urine
- 9.7Endocrine regulation of kidney function (renal homeostasis)
- 9.8Buffer system (Regulation of H+, Bicarbonate and pH) Elimination of drug and hormones
- 9.9Ureter
- 9.10Urethra
- 9.11Physiological change in Digestive system during pregnancy
- 9.12Critical thinking questions
- 9.13References
- Integumentary system10
- Endocrine system18
- 11.1Exocrine and endocrine glands
- 11.2Endocrine gland, hormones they secrete and their functions Hormones
- 11.3Hormonal regulation
- 11.4Hypothalamus
- 11.5Pineal gland
- 11.6Pituitary gland
- 11.7Thyroid gland
- 11.8Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and regulation (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis)
- 11.9Regulation of thyroid hormone synthesis
- 11.10Parathyroid hormone
- 11.11Thymus gland
- 11.12Pancreas
- 11.13Adrenal gland
- 11.14The gonads (Ovaries and Testes)
- 11.15Other hormones producing organs
- 11.16Physiological change in endocrine system during pregnancy
- 11.17Critical thinking questions
- 11.18References
- Nervous system28
- 12.1The Nervous system
- 12.2Common terms in Neuroanatomy
- 12.3Embryonic development of Nervous System
- 12.4Classification of Nervous system
- 12.5Nerve cell
- 12.6Synapse
- 12.7Generation and transmission of nerve impulses
- 12.8Central Nervous system
- 12.9THE MENINGES (Brain and spinal cord covering)
- 12.10Cerebrospinal fluid
- 12.11The brain
- 12.12The cerebrum
- 12.13Functional area of the cerebrum
- 12.14External structure of the cerebrum
- 12.15The Diencephalon
- 12.16Limbic system
- 12.17Brain Stem
- 12.18Reticular formation
- 12.19Cerebellum
- 12.20Cranial Nerve
- 12.21Spinal cord
- 12.22Extrapyramidal and pyramidal tract
- 12.23Spinal nerves
- 12.24Reflex arc
- 12.25Autonomic nervous system
- 12.26Physiological change in Nervous system during pregnancy
- 12.27Critical thinking questions
- 12.28References
- Special senses13
- 13.1Anatomy and physiology of eye and ear
- 13.2The human Eye
- 13.3Physiology of sight
- 13.4Anatomy and physiology of ear
- 13.5External ear
- 13.6Middle ear
- 13.7Inner ear
- 13.8Organ of cortis
- 13.9Physiology of balancing
- 13.10Physiology of hearing
- 13.11Physiological changes in the eye and ear during pregnancy
- 13.12Critical thinking questions
- 13.13References
- Reproductive system26
- 14.1Introduction
- 14.2Female reproductive system
- 14.3External genital structure
- 14.4Internal genital structure
- 14.5Ovarian cycle
- 14.6Fallopian tube
- 14.7Uterus
- 14.8Fertilization and implantation
- 14.9Menstruation
- 14.10Menopause
- 14.11Breast
- 14.12Anatomy and physiology of male reproductive system
- 14.13Scrotum
- 14.14Testes
- 14.15Seminiferous tubule
- 14.16Spermatogenesis
- 14.17Sperm cell
- 14.18Process of sperm fertilization
- 14.19Epididymis
- 14.20Vas deferensseminal vesicles
- 14.21Ejaculatory duct: Prostates gland, Bulbourethral gland
- 14.22Penis
- 14.23Urethra
- 14.24Physiological change in female reproductive system during pregnancy
- 14.25Critical thinking questions
- 14.26References

