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Curriculum
- 14 Sections
- 277 Lessons
- 10 Weeks
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- Introduction to human anatomy and physiology13
- 1.1Anatomy and Physiology
- 1.2Branches of Anatomy and Physiology
- 1.3Relevance of Anatomy and Physiology to Nursing
- 1.4Organization of human body
- 1.5Body fluid and electrolyte
- 1.6Hormonal regulation of fluid and electrolyte
- 1.7Acid Base balance (Buffer system)
- 1.8Homeostasis
- 1.9Body Cavities
- 1.10Abdominopelvic Quadrants and regions
- 1.11Anatomical Position and Body planes Directional terms applied to human body
- 1.12Critical thinking questions
- 1.13References
- The cell and tissues17
- 2.1The cell and tissues
- 2.2Cell structure and functions
- 2.3Movement of substances across cell membrane (Plasma Membrane) Passive transport
- 2.4Active transport
- 2.5Nucleus
- 2.6Chromosome
- 2.7Sex determination
- 2.8Chromosomal abnormalities
- 2.9Gene mutation
- 2.10Cytoplasm
- 2.11Cell cycle or cell division cycle
- 2.12Tissue
- 2.13Epithelial tissue
- 2.14Connective tissue
- 2.15Membranes and glands
- 2.16Critical thinking questions
- 2.17References
- The human blood14
- The cardiovascular system19
- 4.1Introduction
- 4.2The human heart
- 4.3Conducting system of the heart
- 4.4Cardiac cycle
- 4.5Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)
- 4.6Heart sound
- 4.7Cardiac output
- 4.8Pulse
- 4.9Blood pressure
- 4.10Blood vessels
- 4.11Circulation of blood
- 4.12Pulmonary circulation
- 4.13Systemic circulation
- 4.14Coronary circulation
- 4.15Circulus Arteroisus
- 4.16Fetal circulation
- 4.17Physiological change in cardiovascular system during pregnancy
- 4.18Critical thinking questions
- 4.19References
- Lymphatic system18
- 5.1Lymphatic system
- 5.2Lymph
- 5.3Lymph vessels
- 5.4Lymph node
- 5.5Thymus gland
- 5.6Spleen
- 5.7Bone marrow
- 5.8Immune system: Body defense mechanism
- 5.9First line defense
- 5.10Second line defense
- 5.11Substance release during inflammation
- 5.12Inflammatory responses
- 5.13Adaptive immune system (third line of body defense)
- 5.14Types of antibodies
- 5.15Types of acquire immunity
- 5.16Physiological change in lymphoid and immune system during pregnancy
- 5.17Critical thinking questions
- 5.18References
- Musculoskeletal system45
- 6.1Skeletal System
- 6.2Function of bones
- 6.3Development of bone (Osteogenesis)
- 6.4Bone growth
- 6.5Bone cell and matrix
- 6.6Factors affecting bone growth and development
- 6.7Bone tissue
- 6.8Microscopic structure of compact bone (haversian system)
- 6.9Microscopic structure of spongy bone (trabuculae of spongy bone)
- 6.10Macroscopic bone structure (gross anatomy of bones)
- 6.11Process of bone healing
- 6.12Factor affecting bone healing
- 6.13Terminology use for bone features and components
- 6.14Types of bone
- 6.15Classification of bone
- 6.16Bone of the skull
- 6.17Facial bone
- 6.18Paranasal sinuses
- 6.19Sutures of the skull
- 6.20Vertebra bone column
- 6.21Bone of the thoracic cage
- 6.22The humerus bone
- 6.23Ulnar and radial bone
- 6.24The carpal, metacarpal and phalanges
- 6.25Pelvic girdle
- 6.26Differences between male and female pelvic
- 6.27Bone of the lower limbs
- 6.28Muscular system
- 6.29Types of muscles
- 6.30Microscopic structure of muscles
- 6.31Neurommuscular junctions
- 6.32Names of skeletal muscles
- 6.33Muscles of face and neck
- 6.34Masticatory muscles
- 6.35Muscles of the eye
- 6.36Muscles of the neck
- 6.37Muscles of shoulder and upper limbs
- 6.38Muscles of the back
- 6.39Muscles of the abdominal wall
- 6.40Muscles of the pelvis
- 6.41Muscles of lower limbs
- 6.42Anatomy and physiology of joint
- 6.43Physiological change in musculoskeletal system during pregnancy
- 6.44Critical thinking questions
- 6.45References
- Respiratory system18
- 7.1The respiratory system: Functions, Structural classification & Functional classification of respiratory system
- 7.2Nose and nasal cavity
- 7.3The pharynx
- 7.4The larynx
- 7.5The trachea
- 7.6Bronchial Tree
- 7.7Pulmonary alveoli
- 7.8The human lungs
- 7.9The pleura
- 7.10Physiology of respiration
- 7.11Physiological variables affecting breathing
- 7.12Lung volume and capacities
- 7.13Diffusion of gases
- 7.14Control of respiration
- 7.15Respiratory defense mechanism
- 7.16Physiological change in Respiratory system during pregnancy
- 7.17Critical thinking questions
- 7.18References
- Digestive system25
- 8.1Introduction
- 8.2Function of digestive system
- 8.3Gastrointestinal tract (GIT)
- 8.4Buccal cavity
- 8.5Tongue
- 8.6Salivary gland
- 8.7Teeth
- 8.8Oesophagus
- 8.9Process and stages of deglutition (swallowing)
- 8.10Stomach
- 8.11Types of secreting cell found in the stomach layers
- 8.12Gastric and phases of gastric juice
- 8.13Small intestine
- 8.14Large intestine
- 8.15Process of defecation
- 8.16Anatomy and physiology of liver
- 8.17Bile formation
- 8.18Bilirubin excretion
- 8.19Biliary tract
- 8.20The pancreas
- 8.21Gallbladder
- 8.22Metabolism
- 8.23Physiological change in Digestive system during pregnancy
- 8.24Critical thinking questions
- 8.25References
- Renal and urinary system13
- 9.1Introduction
- 9.2Functions of urinary system
- 9.3The kidney
- 9.4The nephron
- 9.5Urine formation
- 9.6Composition of urine
- 9.7Endocrine regulation of kidney function (renal homeostasis)
- 9.8Buffer system (Regulation of H+, Bicarbonate and pH) Elimination of drug and hormones
- 9.9Ureter
- 9.10Urethra
- 9.11Physiological change in Digestive system during pregnancy
- 9.12Critical thinking questions
- 9.13References
- Integumentary system10
- Endocrine system18
- 11.1Exocrine and endocrine glands
- 11.2Endocrine gland, hormones they secrete and their functions Hormones
- 11.3Hormonal regulation
- 11.4Hypothalamus
- 11.5Pineal gland
- 11.6Pituitary gland
- 11.7Thyroid gland
- 11.8Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and regulation (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis)
- 11.9Regulation of thyroid hormone synthesis
- 11.10Parathyroid hormone
- 11.11Thymus gland
- 11.12Pancreas
- 11.13Adrenal gland
- 11.14The gonads (Ovaries and Testes)
- 11.15Other hormones producing organs
- 11.16Physiological change in endocrine system during pregnancy
- 11.17Critical thinking questions
- 11.18References
- Nervous system28
- 12.1The Nervous system
- 12.2Common terms in Neuroanatomy
- 12.3Embryonic development of Nervous System
- 12.4Classification of Nervous system
- 12.5Nerve cell
- 12.6Synapse
- 12.7Generation and transmission of nerve impulses
- 12.8Central Nervous system
- 12.9THE MENINGES (Brain and spinal cord covering)
- 12.10Cerebrospinal fluid
- 12.11The brain
- 12.12The cerebrum
- 12.13Functional area of the cerebrum
- 12.14External structure of the cerebrum
- 12.15The Diencephalon
- 12.16Limbic system
- 12.17Brain Stem
- 12.18Reticular formation
- 12.19Cerebellum
- 12.20Cranial Nerve
- 12.21Spinal cord
- 12.22Extrapyramidal and pyramidal tract
- 12.23Spinal nerves
- 12.24Reflex arc
- 12.25Autonomic nervous system
- 12.26Physiological change in Nervous system during pregnancy
- 12.27Critical thinking questions
- 12.28References
- Special senses13
- 13.1Anatomy and physiology of eye and ear
- 13.2The human Eye
- 13.3Physiology of sight
- 13.4Anatomy and physiology of ear
- 13.5External ear
- 13.6Middle ear
- 13.7Inner ear
- 13.8Organ of cortis
- 13.9Physiology of balancing
- 13.10Physiology of hearing
- 13.11Physiological changes in the eye and ear during pregnancy
- 13.12Critical thinking questions
- 13.13References
- Reproductive system26
- 14.1Introduction
- 14.2Female reproductive system
- 14.3External genital structure
- 14.4Internal genital structure
- 14.5Ovarian cycle
- 14.6Fallopian tube
- 14.7Uterus
- 14.8Fertilization and implantation
- 14.9Menstruation
- 14.10Menopause
- 14.11Breast
- 14.12Anatomy and physiology of male reproductive system
- 14.13Scrotum
- 14.14Testes
- 14.15Seminiferous tubule
- 14.16Spermatogenesis
- 14.17Sperm cell
- 14.18Process of sperm fertilization
- 14.19Epididymis
- 14.20Vas deferensseminal vesicles
- 14.21Ejaculatory duct: Prostates gland, Bulbourethral gland
- 14.22Penis
- 14.23Urethra
- 14.24Physiological change in female reproductive system during pregnancy
- 14.25Critical thinking questions
- 14.26References